Formative assessment is an assessment that is made during the course of a lesson. It is used to evaluate whether or not the learning program is obtaining the desired results so that an instructor knows if the program should be modified. A summative assessment occurs at the end of a lesson. It is used to make a final judgment about the achievements of the students. Using this information, an instructor can evaluate the effectiveness of the course.
Criterion-reference assessments are used to determine if a student has reached an objectively set level of competence. Norm-referenced assessments are used when there is no agreement on what a person must know. Self-referenced assessments are used when the goals of the course are based on the personal goals of the student.
Self-directed learning is directed towards sophisticated learners who are capable of post-formal thought. They need constant feedback on how successful their work is. These students need self-referenced assessments and critiques from two or more peers on formative and summative levels.
No comments:
Post a Comment